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Since the World Health Organization declared SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) a pandemic in March 2020, serious efforts have been made to understand the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, pathology, and clinical evolution of this disease. Oxidative stress (OX-S) has been implicated in the etiologies of many diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies suggest that superoxide radicals and the products of lipid peroxidation, such as the electrophilic aldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), are important mediators of the pathological effects of oxidative stress during microbial and viral infections. Numerous studies have confirmed that viral infections induce inflammatory responses that generate excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species and 4-HNE protein adducts in plasma and in various tissues, including alveolar epithelium and endothelium. In this book chapter, we will highlight and discuss the apparent and plausible relationships between SARS-CoV-2 virulence and oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation, which affect cellular and DNA repair mechanisms and immune response. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Machine learning models have shown great performance in prediction and detection of many diseases such as cancer, heart attack, liver infection, and kidney infection. COVID-19 emerged as one of the deadly disease. Its cases grownin unpredictable manner. Regression is the mathematical technique in machine learning that can used to find relation between outcome variable with independent variable. In the present manuscript, regression has been used to predict COVID-19 growth. It has been found that the model is highly accurate in the COVID case prediction. © 2023 IEEE.
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Medical education, an integral part of the modern health-care system, had faced the thrust of the outbreak for the last couple of years. Although the immediate impacts were trivial and managed with online pedagogical approach, on a long run, it seems to spill serious repercussions on medical students, teaching faculties, and administration. Different countries are handling with the situation depending on their financial conditions, task force, and resource allocation. Hence, momentarily, it is quite impractical to reach a global consensus regarding what is the best for students and communities in long run. Meanwhile, each country needs to formulate its own regime to continue with high standard medical teaching and training. Obviously, it may solicit time span, prioritization, and empathy to restructure the medical education without disfiguring its original fabric. The unprecedented use of online pedagogy (prerecorded lectures, medical simulations, virtual cadavers, and video conferencing) has transformed medical education drastically. Although these newer teaching-training policies assisted us to continue with the ongoing curriculum, medical placement/clerkship just resumed with necessary precautions. The assessment part needs extra care and vigilance, as any change or incorporation of newer methods of assessment may even worsen the present state of affairs for both the assessor and the student.Copyright © 2022 National Journal of Clinical Anatomy.
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Multimedia is a diversified and powerful means to strengthen and aid the education methodology, by making learning interactive and interesting, this paper further justifies the same. The Internet acts as a gateway between multimedia producers and consumers. It is free from discipline boundaries. Several tools allow nontechnical educators to deal with diverse multimedia to create the learning material. These tools should stand fit some parameters, briefly discussed. Its employment is rapidly magnifying, enabling self-learning, which was boosted in the Covid era. This paper emphasizes on to prevent traditional teaching from being used as a supplement but should be primary. Various hiccups in its efficient use in education still prevail but are heading toward resolution. © 2023 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.
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PurposeThe paper aims to clarify the validity of the digital marketing model for software IT professionals. It proposes a model of buying behavior practices followed in digital era and outlining all six critical factors that were considered for developing this model. So the main objective of the study is to validate the success of digital marketing model through a survey-based results and case study analysis and synthesize the results for the success of digital marketing model for software development industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for an exploratory study using the structured questionnaire. The data were collected using online platform. The present study covers the analysis of a survey of 406 IT professionals from software development industry to understand their buying behavior through digital marketing. Regression technique has been used to find the important predictors of the digital marketing model with its impact on the demographic variables.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights about digital marketing model whose validity has been checked by synthesizing the results of both overall and case study. The results show that predictors elucidate Durbin-Watson in the acceptable range and are suitable for the model.Research limitations/implicationsData were collected during Covid period. So it was quite a challenging task and moreover sample size could not be increased due to this problem.Practical implicationThe paper includes implications for the development of digital marketing model for software IT professionals. Finally, this study will contribute to the further research for many prominent researchers who express their doubts about the state and future of digital marketing studies, characterized by contradictory and confusing empirical findings. A larger quantitative study on IT companies' digital marketing from different regions is recommended as a future line of research in order to encourage the unique globalized level model development.Social implicationsMany organizations use digital marketing successfully since with the great amount of awareness generated about the digitalization among the customers has propelled for its development.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills an identified need to study how IT professional's digital buying marketing practices need to be studied.
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With Covid-19, a significant proportion of the population who are already vaccinated have tested positive. Therefore, there is a need for better medicines that act against the virus rigorously without causing any side effects. We aim to achieve the same through molecular docking and further simulations for bioactive phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants. The target for this study has been considered the NSP3 protein of the viral RNA that actively takes part in both replication and immune evasion pathways of the virus. Ligand libraries consisting of bioactive phytochemicals of aswasgandha and analogues of curcumin and piperine are curated. The libraries, along with the NSP3 protein moiety are docked onto two active sites. With the best-scored complexes further taken up for molecular dynamics simulation, the study resulted in favourable outcomes for three such ligands (compound ID 5469426, 69501714, ZINC000003874317). © 2023 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.
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As part of Mumbai Coastal Road Project-the connection between Nariman Point and Bandra Worli, a total length of 10.58 km-Package IV (MCRP4) includes submarine twin tube tunnels. Current Package's total length is 4,480 m, of which 2,008 m are excavated by means of one slurry shield and supported/lined by precast segments. Each tube will accommodate a three-lane carriageway, for an internal diameter of 11 m and an excavation diameter 12.19 m. To enable the launching and receiving of the TBM, two shafts were constructed at North end and South end of the package. The reception shaft is 42m long and 30m wide with a depth of 26m below the ground formation level at +3.0 msl. The intention was to disassemble the TBM after the first drive to reassemble and relaunch it from the original shaft – the "launch-ing shaft”. However, due to logistical constraints, given the project location in a dense urban setting, and due to time delays, because of stoppage of works during Covid lockdown, the Contractor of the project decided to relaunch the TBM from the reception shaft itself by rotating the TBM and save approx. 60-75 days. Due to this dynamic need of the project, reception shaft was repurposed for relaunching with additional ancillary structures (like Heavy weight modular gantry crane foundations, TBM reaction frame, Slurry treatment plant on surface etc.,) in and around the shaft which weren't foreseen during the excavation of shaft. This paper discusses design aspects with special focus on challenges which were needed for this repurposing of shaft. © 2023 The Author(s).
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The transition from primary sustainable goals to crisis management exemplifies a new era of corporate social responsibility, sustainable business models, corporate sustainability, and stakeholder theory. This study examines the varied dynamics of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) during COVID-19, as well as its potential and limitations, in order to gain a better understanding of CSR. The results expand upon the instrumental version of CSR and the application of stakeholder theory during COVID-19. It reflects on the necessity for a wider integration of societal issues in CSR's driving philosophy as well as the underlying need to study diverse sectors of governance across the globe due to the increased potential for exploitation of the weak, particularly during times of crisis. This study examines the theoretical foundations of the themes and the lines of divergence between CSR's past and present by reviewing the social, intellectual, and conceptual structure of the literature. It emphasizes the importance of post-COVID-19 policies that prioritize job creation by implementing stronger labor market standards. Governments should eliminate barriers and implement pro-SME laws and programs. A sustainable fiscal policy takes future generations into account. Sustainable corporate finance incorporates long-term financial goals and social values into stakeholder theory. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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In this article, two new estimators of population proportion of a sensitive characteristic are introduced by using a method analogous to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Then, a new unbiased regression type estimator is developed by utilizing these two estimators. The proposed estimator is, then, compared with its competitor at the same level of protection of the respondents. Also included is a study, based on data collected during summer 2021, of the currently hot topic of estimating the proportion of students, 18 years and older, returning to schools in fall 2021, who tested positive for COVID-19.
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The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed a situation where all healthcare facilities except emergency services remain suspended. These times generated the necessity for the implementation of a healthcare delivery system that can be accessed digitally and, thus, benefit the majority of children as well as healthcare professionals. This review aims to propose a sound model of less technique sensitive, safe and handy strategies for dental traumatic injuries, endodontic and restorative concerns, and orthodontic urgencies until complete clinical help can be sought. Five hundred thirty articles were obtained from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases published from 2011 to 2021. Nineteen articles that described teledentistry in the COVID-19 era were included. Teledentistry can serve as a vital patient management strategy that can aid in triaging urgent and elective patient treatment needs, ultimately easing the burden of clinics and at the same time providing a safer means of consultation. Copyright © 2021 Goswami, Nangia, Saxena, Chawla, Mushtaq, Singh and Jain.
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Background: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues its deadly reign all over the world. Devising effective strategies for detecting and controlling the infection has become ever more critical. Effective prevention and control of the pandemic is entirely dependent on human behavior in terms of practicing preventive and curative measures. During the second wave of COVID-19, people's perceptions of preventive and curative measures changed.Objective: To study healthcare-seeking behavior of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods: Hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 in the month of March, April and May of 2021 were included in the study. Their attendants/close relatives were contacted telephonically to know about the admitted patients' healthcare-seeking behavior. Verbal consent was taken from attendants before the commencement of the interview, followed by informing them about the purpose of the interview.Results: Amongst the subjects, there were more males than females (67.5 vs 32.4%), age ranged between 18 to 88 with a mean value of 56.61 +/- 14.7 years. Self-medication was significantly associated with study subjects' mortality (p=0.03).Conclusion: Elderly people were having higher mortality rate than their younger counterparts. People were hesitant to visit primary care physicians after having symptoms of COVID-19.
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This article provides an overview of the state of South African seafarers' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical work on African and South African seafarers' well-being during the pandemic is limited, with most work focusing on seafarers from major seafaring labour supply countries such as the Philippines and seafarers from the global North. This intervention, by focusing on South African seafarers, helps reduce the knowledge gap of seafarer well-being among less studied seafaring nationalities such as South Africans. A temperature reading research design was used. A form of action research, temperature readings are designed to tap into social phenomena during times of crisis, so as to provide a quick empirical snapshot of a specific research problem. Such an approach is less concerned with theory building and more concerned with profiling a particular sample and population. Purposeful and snowballing sampling was utilized to target seafarers and included 164 respondents. Data were analysed using SPSS. Key findings of the study indicated that 13.25% of the sample had contracted COVID19, 39.76% of the sample had crew members who had COVID-19 and 28.92% of the sample had family members who had COVID19. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on 42.17% of the sample, while 34.94% of the sample reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on their salary. Participants were satisfied with COVID-19 protocols implemented by their employers. Their well-being scores across social, psychological, subjective and workplace dimensions were moderate.
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Ayurveda is called Mother of all medical sciences. It's the oldest therapeutic and medicinal treatment invented in ancient India. Ayurveda or Ayurvedic treatment is bit different from modern medical science. It believes in Nadi Pariksha and many subjective parameters are included to start diagnosis of disease. Whereas modern medical science has different approach of disease diagnosis. It utilizes different tools and testing to diagnose a disease effectively. Saliva analysis is already accepted in modern medical as an important bio-substance, as we see in COVID-19, but not in ayurveda. This paper shows how salivary analysis can act as an evidential proof for diagnosing a disease, in the ayurvedic way. The salivary contents can be analyzed use various biosensors. One of these is Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) platform. It allows molecular detection in bio fluids like saliva, sweat, urine, etc. The saliva analysis using SERS technique will help to detect various trace level molecules which is likely to assist the Ayurvedic diagnosis more accurately and dependency on subjective parameters will reduce to evaluate patient's condition. © 2023 IEEE.
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AIM: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. METHODS: It was a test-negative, case-control study conducted at Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, India, between March 2021 and May 2021. An equal number of cases and controls were included in the study after taking proper informed consent. The individuals with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test reports were taken as cases, whereas those with negative reports were included as controls. Data were analyzed and the groups were compared using multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR), with adjustment for gender and presence or absence of comorbidities. The effectiveness of vaccine was calculated by the formula (1-adjusted OR) x100%. RESULTS: On analyzing the data from 560 case-control pairs, the vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 57.46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.85-61.02) and 60.09% (95% CI: 56.32-63.77) for single dose and two doses, respectively. The effectiveness of complete and single-dose vaccination against the moderate-to-severe disease was calculated as 63.79% (95% CI: 58.58-68.77) and 56.19% (95% CI: 51.30-61.0), respectively. CONCLUSION: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was found to be effective against COVID-19, with protection after two doses being a little more than that after a single dose. It also proved effective in protecting against the severe form of the disease.
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In today's world, digital technologies are advancing at a rapid pace. Almost every industry has benefited from this ongoing change. In the health sector, the digitization of medical records was proposed decades ago. Whereas some developed countries have successfully adopted and implemented Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. Developing countries like India still heavily rely on paper-based medical records. Although there are a number of systems for electronic medical record management, they have issues related to interoperability, timely access, and storage. Due to poor infrastructure and design, the current systems are not robust for communicating and tracking medical records. The need for a better EHR system was highly emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic. The two major shortcomings of the existing system are a lack of interoperability, which causes delays in sharing the information, and a lack of standardization, due to which the data quality of the data that is shared suffers. To mitigate these issues, we need a nationwide EHR system. Another issue is the lack of a ubiquitous UPI (Unique Patient Identifier). In a country like India, the second most populated country in the world, Aadhar is the best option for UPI, which can be used for creating a national EHR system. In this paper, we have presented a framework for a standardized, interoperable, and unified EHR system based on blockchain technology with Aadhar as the UPI. Using blockchain as the base of this model provides numerous advantages over a cloud-based system, like decentralization, better security, immutability, and traceability. © 2023 IEEE.
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The long-term problems for survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully understood;data indicates a complex range of symptoms that initially appeared to focus on the respiratory system but now appear to be multisystem and wide ranging. The most frequently reported symptoms appear to be breathlessness, muscle weakness and fatigue. A proportion of individuals have persistent problems that would be amenable to a rehabilitation programme. The programme needs to have a much wider scope and remit than that of conventional pulmonary rehabilitation but this service model may form the foundation of a holistic programme to support the recovery of these individuals. Data from the SARS/MERS pandemic would support this initial approach. Rehabilitation teams need to collaborate to develop a wider interdisciplinary team to offer the best service to patients with post-COVID-19 symptoms.Copyright © ERS 2021.
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The rationale of this article is to study and evaluate the stress faced by individuals, especially Indian working women within their families, during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this study, the authors aim to highlight the impact of the pandemic on Indian women grappling with mental and emotional distress. For this study, primary research techniques have been used. A survey instrument was constructed and circulated among women working from home or employees of any firm. Based on the survey, focused group interviews were conducted with randomly selected females. The total responses for this study were 203. The study results were collated and a statistical analysis of multivariate regression was used to conclude the findings. From this study, three factors contributed to the overall stress levels faced by working women induced by the COVID-19 pandemic: depression, nervousness and anxiety. Many studies have examined healthcare workers and their stress levels during the global pandemic. However, there is little literature on Indian working women, especially those working in I.T. and manufacturing companies. This article aims to identify the factors that can lead to stress and burnout in Indian working women specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2023 XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources.
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In South Asia, cattle are afflicted by the expanding virulent condition known as Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), and sheep pox and goat pox are caused by the Capri virus. These illnesses endanger worldwide trade. Due to inadequate immunisations and poverty in rural areas, Capricorn poxviruses are spreading. This is due to the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 epidemic, debilitating sanctions in endemic countries, a growth in the legal and criminal trade of live animals and animal products, and global climate change. Skin spores are the main route of infection;however, the virus is also excreted through bodily fluids and semen. As a result, the virus is transmitted to susceptible hosts by biting flies, mosquitoes, and other insects. Insects can be transstadial and transovarial. Lumpy skin disease lesions can swell and rupture after 7 to 14 days in experimental settings, but it usually takes 2 to 5 weeks in a normal infection. Lumpy skin disease is characterised by hard, constrictive, few (mild forms) to numerous (severe forms) skin nodules that may encompass respiratory, urogenital, and other organ mucous membranes. Consequently, milk output decreases, and in countries that raise cattle, there are more abortions, cases of temporary or permanent infertility, hide damage, and mortality, all of which result in a financial loss. The best method for limiting the spread and monetary impacts of lumpy skin disease is mass immunisation and other management measures. This review provides the latest information on lumpy skin disease's viral biology, transmission, clinical, and pathological aspects. © 2023 Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences. All rights reserved.
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Chilika, the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia, is a habitat of the Irrawaddy Dolphin (IRD) and a popular tourist destination for dolphin watching. However, this dolphin-based tourism has turned unsustainable due to the adverse impacts of tourism on IRD. This study uses SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) to analyze various internal and external factors that control IRD-based tourism in Chilika. Content analysis and sentiment analysis are also used to know the tourists' views regarding dolphin tourism in Chilika lagoon, and telephonic interviews with boat owners to determine the impact of tourism on local communities before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. SWOT analysis highlights existing opportunities and strengths of IRD tourism in Chilika, such as prevalent ‘positive' perception (48%) among the tourists and stable IRD population. 38% of tourists' perceptions were ‘negative,' corroborating inherent weaknesses and threats of IRD tourism, such as faulty marketing strategy, excessive tourist pressure, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews with boat operators reveal that the pandemic lockdown laid the financial situation of local tourist boat operators down. This study suggests multipronged solution approaches, for example ensuring the integrity of IRD habitat, optimal resource utilization, high service quality, and necessary infrastructure development to facilitate a sustainable ecotourism model in the lagoon. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.